Basolateral membrane

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. The major function of epithelial tissues is to maintain proper ion, solute, and water homeostasis.

Basolateral membrane

Epithelial polarity is one example of the cell polarity that is a fundamental feature of many types of cells. Epithelial cells feature distinct 'apical', 'lateral' and 'basal' plasma membrane domains. Epithelial cells connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form epithelial sheets that line cavities and surfaces throughout the animal body. Each plasma membrane domain has a distinct protein composition, giving them distinct properties and allowing directional transport of molecules across the epithelial sheet. How epithelial cells generate and maintain polarity remains unclear, but certain molecules have been found to play a key role. A variety of molecules are located at the apical membrane , but only a few key molecules act as determinants that are required to maintain the identity of the apical membrane and, thus, epithelial polarity. Of these two complexes, the aPKC complex is the most important for epithelial polarity, being required even when the Crumbs complex is not. Crumbs is the only transmembrane protein in this list and the Crumbs complex serves as an apical cue to keep the aPKC complex apical during complex cellular shape changes. In the context of renal tubule physiology, the term basolateral membrane refers to the cell membrane which is oriented away from the lumen of the tubule, whereas the term apical or luminal membrane refers to the cell membrane which is oriented towards the lumen. The principal function of this basolateral membrane is to take up metabolic waste products into the epithelial cell for disposal into the lumen where it is transported out of the body as urine. A secondary role of the basolateral membrane is to allow the recycling of desirable substrates, such as glucose , that have been rescued from the lumen of the tubule to be secreted into the interstitial fluids. These three proteins all localize to the basolateral domain and are essential for basolateral identity and for epithelial polarity.

A comprehensive guide to the ROMK potassium channel: form and function in health and disease. Preview improvements coming basolateral membrane the PMC website in October Consistent with Welling's work, Millar et al.

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Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. Hepatocytes form a crucially important cell layer that separates sinusoidal blood from the canalicular bile. They have a uniquely organized polarity with a basal membrane facing liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, while one or more apical poles can contribute to several bile canaliculi jointly with the directly opposing hepatocytes. Establishment and maintenance of hepatocyte polarity is essential for many functions of hepatocytes and requires carefully orchestrated cooperation between cell adhesion molecules, cell junctions, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and intracellular trafficking machinery.

Basolateral membrane

The cell membrane also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane , and historically referred to as the plasmalemma is a biological membrane that separates and protects the interior of a cell from the outside environment the extracellular space. The membrane also contains membrane proteins , including integral proteins that span the membrane and serve as membrane transporters , and peripheral proteins that loosely attach to the outer peripheral side of the cell membrane, acting as enzymes to facilitate interaction with the cell's environment. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of a cell, being selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. In the field of synthetic biology, cell membranes can be artificially reassembled.

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Additionally, using single-channel experiments with DCT cells, Paulais et al. Read Edit View history. Recent advances in the generation of an immortalized choroid plexus cell line for use in in vitro experiments may prove extremely valuable in efforts to understand Na,K-ATPase trafficking in this tissue. Gene : —, [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]. Mayor S, Presley JF, Maxfield FR: Sorting of membrane components from endosomes and subsequent recycling to the cell surface occurs by a bulk flow process. Several studies address this issue using biochemical techniques or microscopy-based assays. The potential for N -glycans to act as apical sorting signals was first recognized for the glycoprotein gp80, which is missorted after treatment with N -glycosylation inhibitors. Polarized sorting of membrane proteins in epithelial cells is vital for the generation and maintenance of the cell polarity, which is in turn necessary for numerous aspects of epithelial cell function. Kleta and colleagues 11 reported another autosomal recessive syndrome involving KCNJ10 shortly after Scholl et al. In the absence of the aPKC complex, the baso-lateral determinants spread into the former apical domain. Cell shape and contacts provide the likely mechanism. The multiplicity of signal classes that are involved in apical and basolateral sorting, as well as the complex array of vesicular compartments that participate in the segregation of apical and basolateral proteins bearing these signals, allows for a plastic system in which distinct subsets of proteins can be redirected in response to environmental cues. Cell 66 : —, [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ]. The tubule of the renal nephron has an amazingly simple structure, lined by epithelial cells, yet the segments i. Our understanding of this syndrome is just being realized, and future studies are required to fully elucidate the large ramifications of SeSAME in nonrenal tissues.

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Most cited articles on Basolateral membrane. Images of Basolateral membrane. Wilson PD: Apico-basal polarity in polycystic kidney disease epithelia. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank all of the members of the Caplan Laboratory for helpful discussions. Indeed, Derst et al. Additionally, SLO2. Sorting Site for Biosynthetic Cargo To understand the mechanisms mediating trafficking in polarized epithelial cells, it is necessary to elucidate the site at which basolateral proteins and apical proteins are separated from one another as they pursue their postsynthetic trafficking itineraries. Additionally, a considerable amount of secretion of organic acids and bases into the tubular filtrate occurs along the length of the PT. In addition to being targeted directly to their sites of functional residence, proteins can also be mis-sorted or randomly delivered and then retained only in the correct compartment by interactions with cytoskeletal components or through other mechanisms that effectively immobilize the protein and prevent its departure. Transmembrane domain sequences are responsible for the apical sorting of multiple viral single-pass membrane proteins, including hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and the respiratory syncytial virus F protein. Characterization of a mouse cortical collecting duct cell line. Cell shape and contacts provide the likely mechanism. Lifton and colleagues described a previously unreported human autosomal recessive syndrome which was characterized by se izures, s ensorineural deafness, a taxia, m ental retardation and e lectrolyte imbalance named SeSAME coupled with hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypomagnesmia. Again, KCNJ10 was the candidate gene screened by linkage analysis. Kirk L.