C++ template specialization

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Partial specialization may be declared in any scope where its primary template may be defined which may be different from the scope where the primary template is defined; such as with out-of-class specialization of a member template. Partial specialization has to appear after the non-specialized template declaration. The following restrictions apply to the argument-list of a partial template specialization:. Partial template specializations are not found by name lookup. Only if the primary template is found by name lookup, its partial specializations are considered.

C++ template specialization

We write code once and use it for any data type including user defined data types. For example, sort can be written and used to sort any data type items. A class stack can be created that can be used as a stack of any data type. What if we want a different code for a particular data type? Consider a big project that needs a function sort for arrays of many different data types. Let Quick Sort be used for all datatypes except char. In case of char, total possible values are and counting sort may be a better option. Is it possible to use different code only when sort is called for char data type? This is called template specialization. Template allows us to define generic classes and generic functions and thus provide support for generic programming. Generic programming is an approach where generic data types are used as parameters in algorithms so that they work for variety of suitable data types.

Fundamental types. Partial specialization. Contents 1 Syntax 2 The argument list 3 Name lookup 4 Partial ordering 5 Members of partial specializations 6 Defect reports.

Explicit specialization may be declared in any scope where its primary template may be defined which may be different from the scope where the primary template is defined; such as with out-of-class specialization of a member template. Explicit specialization has to appear after the non-specialized template declaration. Specialization must be declared before the first use that would cause implicit instantiation, in every translation unit where such use occurs:. A template specialization that was declared but not defined can be used just like any other incomplete type e. When specializing a function template, its template arguments can be omitted if template argument deduction can provide them from the function arguments:.

Partial specialization may be declared in any scope where its primary template may be defined which may be different from the scope where the primary template is defined; such as with out-of-class specialization of a member template. Partial specialization has to appear after the non-specialized template declaration. The following restrictions apply to the argument-list of a partial template specialization:. Partial template specializations are not found by name lookup. Only if the primary template is found by name lookup, its partial specializations are considered.

C++ template specialization

Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. However, many data structures and algorithms look the same no matter what type they are operating on. Templates enable you to define the operations of a class or function, and let the user specify what concrete types those operations should work on. A template is a construct that generates an ordinary type or function at compile time based on arguments the user supplies for the template parameters. For example, you can define a function template like this:. The above code describes a template for a generic function with a single type parameter T , whose return value and call parameters lhs and rhs are all of this type.

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Class template. String literals. Additional resources In this article. The general rule of thumb is that the compiler will pick the most specific template specialization--the most specific template specialization is the one whose template arguments would be accepted by the other template declarations, but which would not accept all possible arguments that other templates with the same name would accept. Virtual function. Create Improvement. This is called template specialization. Class declaration Constructors this pointer. The following restrictions apply to the argument-list of a partial template specialization:. The specialization itself is still a template on the type pointed to or referenced. Improve Improve. For example, sort can be written and used to sort any data type items. Template Partial Specialization Partial template specialization stems from similar motives as full specialization as described above. The collection then stores the values that are pointed to.

Explicit specialization may be declared in any scope where its primary template may be defined which may be different from the scope where the primary template is defined; such as with out-of-class specialization of a member template. Explicit specialization has to appear after the non-specialized template declaration. Specialization must be declared before the first use that would cause implicit instantiation, in every translation unit where such use occurs:.

Elaborated type specifier. Implicit conversions. Was this page helpful? Namespace declaration. Namespace alias definition. If the primary member template is explicitly fully specialized for a given implicit specialization of the enclosing class template, the partial specializations of the member template are ignored for this specialization of the enclosing class template. Log in. Suggest Changes. This browser is no longer supported. Empty declaration. Dependent names.