Doubled die reverse

Doubled die also known as hub doubling is a term in numismatics used to refer to a duplication of design elements doubled die reverse a working die created due to a misalignment of the die or hub during the hubbing process, doubled die reverse. Strength of the doubling can vary from very slight and isolated to extreme and widespread.

Doubled die obverse, or DDO coins are produced by coin dies that are not properly manufactured. The malformed die contains at least one duplicate image, letter, number, or word. Pay special attention to words on the coin and keep a magnifying glass or loupe handy! The Mint uses a stamp called a hub to create coin dies with a CNC milling machine. Several generations of hubs are employed to craft the working dies that strike coins. In the iterations of hubs and die, the image it imprints will be off-center if a hub is not perfectly aligned.

Doubled die reverse

Definition : A doubled die hub doubling is caused by a misalignment or a mismatch between a working hub and a working die. The misalignment or mismatch occurs between a first and subsequent hubbing or sometimes in the course of a single hubbing. Misalignments can occur along three orthogonal planes and three orthogonal axes. Doubled dies that are the result of a misalignment are variously characterized as rotated, offset, pivoted, or tilted. A total of eight classes are recognized. Coins struck from a doubled die will show doubling of the design elements. Doubling can be limited to one element or encompass much of the design. Doubling can be subtle or so extreme as to produce entirely separate elements of equal strength. All coins struck from a doubled die will show the same degree of doubling from coin to coin. No other term is acceptable. This happens because the hubs are used to create a number of dies often over a hundred. As with any malleable material, the steel flattens outward as it is used. The design differences can be as minor as the exact placement of a single letter or design feature, or it can be as major as two differently dated hubs.

Here we see the hubbing chamber of a multiple-squeeze hubbing press. Notice that the doubled images are raised and rounded just like the normal letters in the word GOD.

Many people confuse double die coins with double struck coins. The significant difference is that double-struck coins are hit twice by the same coin die during the striking process. A doubled die coin is produced when the coin die is not manufactured correctly. This manufacturing error leads to the appearance of two images on a single coin die. The more obvious and distinct the error is, the more the coin will be worth.

Many people confuse double die coins with double struck coins. The significant difference is that double-struck coins are hit twice by the same coin die during the striking process. A doubled die coin is produced when the coin die is not manufactured correctly. This manufacturing error leads to the appearance of two images on a single coin die. The more obvious and distinct the error is, the more the coin will be worth. The coin die that strikes double die coins has a partial or fully doubled image. Therefore, the coin has two identical images that are slightly offset. The doubling occurs from mistakes in the die hubbing process. This results in a coin die having more than one image on it. These double died coins sparked the start of the error coin collecting hobby in the United States.

Doubled die reverse

In the years that have followed, there are quite a few versions of Lincoln pennies in existence, like the wheat and the memorial versions. The most valuable pennies are those that have been minted in low numbers, those with an error like double die obverse, or both. These Lincoln pennies also sparked the beginning of the error coin collecting hobby in the US! The designs on both sides of a coin are pressed or stamped into the metal by a coin die. In order to make a die, another stamp called a coin hub is used. It takes multiple impressions from a coin hub to make a coin die, and if the hub is not aligned perfectly, the subsequent impression will be off-center. If the incorrectly-made die is used to strike coins, each coin will have the appearance of two images on a single coin — the letters, numbers, or words will appear duplicated.

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Chinese counterfeiters are manufacturing some of the more valuable doubled die coins and Lincoln pennies. Another major doubled die was produced for the S Lincoln cents. Sometimes they are not classified as major doubled dies because they are overshadowed by another doubled die for the same date and denomination. Arrows point to the working hub which is locked into the top of the hubbing chamber. Doubled die varieties, when noticeable to the naked eye or occur in a popular coin series, are extremely popular with collectors and can be worth a large premium over the same coin without the doubling. It would also be senseless for the Mint to modify a working hub, use that hub to impress just one working die and then retire that hub; there has been no evidence to support that occurrence either. This photo shows a working die bottom and a working hub top positioned in the hubbing press for the second hubbing. While modified hub doubling is an actual class, there is no substantiated evidence to prove that any examples of this class of doubling do exist. It is the working dies that are then used to strike the coins in the coining presses. Susan Headley is a well-respected coin collecting expert and writer with over 30 years of hands-on numismatic experience. By Susan Headley Susan Headley. Coin collectors and numismatists will examine the coin and indicate if the doubling is on the obverse or the reverse. The two usually go hand-in-hand, but there are always exceptions.

Another fairly scarce doubled die type is the Class IV doubled die variety. During the multiple-squeeze hubbing era Class IV doubled dies resulted when a working die received its initial impression, was annealed for the next hubbing, and was then returned to the hubbing press for the next impression as were all other classes of doubled die varieties. What makes these different from the other classes, however, is how the hub and die were aligned in the hubbing press for the second or subsequent hubbings.

There were 20,, doubled die Lincoln wheat pennies thought to exist. Doubling can also occur in the process of transferring the design from the galvano to the master hub. If you are seeking one of these pennies, beware of the saturation of counterfeits on the market. This photo shows a working die bottom and a working hub top positioned in the hubbing press for the second hubbing. Notice the extra thickness on the bottoms of the digits in the date. These are high-quality coins made by counterfeit manufacturers in China. The doubling on the lower right part of the target tree is considered to be a minor doubled die variety. Now that we understand what doubled die obverse coins are, how they are created, and their general value, what distinguishes DDO coins from double struck and ejection doubled coins? But even here, the number of times that a proof coin is struck will have no bearing on whether or not a doubled die is produced. Do NOT send any additional shipments until the previous shipment has been returned. They placed lugs around the rim of the dies and hubs so that the images on the hub and partially completed working die would align properly when they were placed in the hubbing chamber. A second confusing aspect of doubled die coins is that some people confuse them with machine doubled coins.