Dppc full form

Pulmonary surfactant is a surface-active complex of phospholipids and proteins formed dppc full form type II alveolar cells. By adsorbing to the air-water interface of alveoliwith hydrophilic head groups in the water and the hydrophobic tails facing towards the air, the main lipid component of surfactant, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPCreduces surface tension.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. John's, Newfoundland, Canada. To distinguish between protein-lipid interactions involving the PC and PG lipid headgroups and to examine whether such interactions might influence spatial distribution of lipids within the bilayer, acyl chains on either the DPPC or the DPPG component of the mixture were deuterated. No segregation of lipid components was seen for temperatures above or below the transition.

Dppc full form

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Phosphatidylcholine PC is the major phospholipid of pulmonary surfactant and it is hypothesized that PC and its subspecies modulate the functions of alveolar macrophages. The most abundant of these subspecies is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of PC on monocyte function using a human monocytic cell line, MonoMac-6 MM6. When DPPC was replaced with 1-palmitoylarachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine PAPC there was no inhibition and in contrast a significant increase in oxidant production was observed. These results suggest that DPPC, the major component of pulmonary surfactant, may play a role in modulating leucocyte inflammatory responses in the lung. The thin epithelial barrier, which comprises the alveolar surface for gaseous exchange, is uniquely vulnerable to damage related to inflammatory changes. These may result from particulate insults, oxidant gases or damage secondary to infection. The immune response within this region of the lung must carefully balance pro- and anti-inflammatory responses without compromising host defences. It is well established that surfactant plays a major role in preventing lung collapse at the end of expiration, however, it has been suggested that the lipid component within surfactant may have a role in the regulation of lymphocyte function [ 1 ]. There is evidence indicating pulmonary surfactant lipids and surfactant proteins SP-A, B, C and D alter the bactericidal activity of the alveolar macrophage [ 2 — 4 ]. Recent reports suggest surfactant proteins SP-A and SP-D regulate a variety of immune cell functions in vitro including enhanced chemotaxis and phagocytosis and alterations in the production of free radicals and cytokines [ 5 , 6 ]. The immunomodulatory role of DPPC within the lung is not fully elucidated but a number of studies have indicated its importance with respect to inflammatory cell function as opposed to its primary role in reducing surface tension [ 9 , 10 ].

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Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC is a phospholipid and a lecithin consisting of two C 16 palmitic acid groups attached to a phosphatidylcholine head-group. It is the main constituent of pulmonary surfactants, which reduces the work of breathing and prevents alveolar collapse during breathing. It also plays an important role in the study of liposomes and human bilayers. Lung surfactant LS is a surface-active material produced by most air-breathing animals for the purpose of reducing the surface tension of the water layer where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, given that the movements due to inhalation and exhalation may cause damage if there is not enough energy to sustain alveolar structural integrity. While DPPC itself already has the ability to reduce the surface tension of the alveolar liquid, the proteins and other lipids in the surfactant further facilitate the adsorption of oxygen into the air-liquid interface. DPPC is a variant of phosphatidylcholine.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Phosphatidylcholine PC is the major phospholipid of pulmonary surfactant and it is hypothesized that PC and its subspecies modulate the functions of alveolar macrophages. The most abundant of these subspecies is dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of PC on monocyte function using a human monocytic cell line, MonoMac-6 MM6. When DPPC was replaced with 1-palmitoylarachidonoyl phosphatidylcholine PAPC there was no inhibition and in contrast a significant increase in oxidant production was observed. These results suggest that DPPC, the major component of pulmonary surfactant, may play a role in modulating leucocyte inflammatory responses in the lung. The thin epithelial barrier, which comprises the alveolar surface for gaseous exchange, is uniquely vulnerable to damage related to inflammatory changes. These may result from particulate insults, oxidant gases or damage secondary to infection. The immune response within this region of the lung must carefully balance pro- and anti-inflammatory responses without compromising host defences.

Dppc full form

The most important component of pulmonary surfactant is dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, or DPPC. At the end of an expiration, when the surfactant film is maximally compressed, DPPC is probably almost the sole component in the monomolecular film, but, during inspiration, as the film expands, other elements move in. They may be phospholipids with different fatty acids, saturated or unsaturated, or with the alcohol choline replaced with ethanolamine, inositol, glycerol or serine. The elements moving into the expanding film may also be free fatty acids, di- or triglycerides, etc. The synthesis of DPPC, similar to that of other phospholipids, has been thoroughly studied and is reviewed. The building blocks, glycerol, palmitic acid, choline and phosphate, are generally produced in the lung itself, but choline is generously supplied with the bloodstream.

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The surface increases during inspiration, which consequently opens space for new surfactant molecules to be recruited to the interface. Self-aggregation of surfactant protein A. The surfactants extracted from bovine lungs were Infasurf and Alvofact , the porcine lung extracts included Curosurf , and those made from modified bovine lung extracts included Survanta or Beraksurf Beractant. Keough, K. Method of isolation. Further studies are required to determine whether this is indeed the case. In a mixture of one chain-perdeuterated lipid component and one normal lipid component, suppression of the transition midpoint temperature is approximately scaled in proportion to the overall extent of deuteration. Stewart, S. Plasencia, D. Veldhuizen, R. Pulmonary surfactant: functions and molecular composition. Structure and properties of surfactant protein C. Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. As was seen in Fig.

Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine DPPC is a phospholipid and a lecithin consisting of two C 16 palmitic acid groups attached to a phosphatidylcholine head-group.

Hydrophobic surfactant-associated polypeptides: SP-C is a lipopeptide with two palmitoylated cysteine residues, whereas SP-B lacks covalently linked fatty acyl groups. Get instant explanation for any acronym or abbreviation that hits you anywhere on the web! Pulmonary surfactant is a complex mixture of phospholipids, neutral lipids and cholesterol and four genetically distinct surfactant specific proteins [ 6 ]. Functional consequences of lipid heterogeneity have started to emerge such as the nonrandom mixing of lipids and phospholipids in the membrane bilayer leading to the formation of lipid microdomains [ 34 ]. Comparison of corresponding spectra in Figs. Native surfactant material undergoes structural reorganization during the transformation from lamellar bodies to the surface-active monolayer. Voss, T. The possibility that the interaction between SP-A and SP-B might compete with that between SP-B and the lipid components in the liquid crystalline phase would be particularly interesting in light of evidence for SP-A self-aggregation on monolayer or bilayer surfaces 57 — Role of calcium ions in the structure and function of pulmonary surfactant. Nishizuka Y. Its structure includes both a hydrophilic "head" and hydrophobic "tails", and it is this arrangement that makes it able to reduce the surface tension of the water layer. Compared to the corresponding protein-free samples, the sample containing both proteins displayed a sharper increase in DPPG- d 62 chain order at the transition and lower DPPG- d 62 chain order in the gel phase. These results suggest that DPPC, the major component of pulmonary surfactant, may play a role in modulating leucocyte inflammatory responses in the lung. Smith, E. The tendency for SP-A to aggregate on regions where lipid packing is perturbed might provide a mechanism whereby SP-A can differentially influence the distribution of other components, like SP-B and lipids, with which it interacts.