Histone acetylation

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology volume 18Article number: 84 Cite this article.

Histone acetylation is highly conserved across eukaryotes and has been linked to gene activation since its discovery nearly 60 years ago. Over the past decades, histone acetylation has been evidenced to play crucial roles in plant development and response to various environmental cues. In this review, we briefly describe the discovery of histone acetylation, the mechanism of histone acetylation regulating transcription in yeast and mammals, and summarize the research progress of plant histone acetylation. Furthermore, we also emphasize the effect of histone acetylation on seed development and its potential use in plant breeding. A comprehensive knowledge of histone acetylation might provide new and more flexible research perspectives to enhance crop yield and stress resistance. To fit inside the nucleus, DNA must be compacted in multiple orders, the first being the nucleosome, the repetitive unit of DNA wrapped along histones. Histones were first isolated as an alkaline peptone-like component and suggested to be bound to nucleic acid by Albrecht Kossel in Wu et al.

Histone acetylation

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Atherosclerosis, which is the most common chronic disease of the coronary artery, constitutes a vascular pathology induced by inflammation and plaque accumulation within arterial vessel walls. Both DNA methylation and histone modifications are epigenetic changes relevant for atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that the DNA methylation and histone modification systems are closely interrelated and mechanically dependent on each other. Herein, we explore the functional linkage between these systems, with a particular emphasis on several recent findings suggesting that histone acetylation can help in targeting DNA methylation and that DNA methylation may control gene expression during atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death globally. Atherosclerosis is the most common chronic disease of the coronary artery. It is characterized by the adherence of cells circulating in the blood to the endothelium, migration to the sub-endothelial layer, and differentiation into macrophages. It is a process by which inflammation, fibrous proliferation, and plaque build-up occur in the arterial wall. Inflammation is the main process underlying atherosclerosis, which is associated with cell-to-cell interactions involving multiple cell types, including endothelial cells, leukocytes, and smooth muscle cells SMCs. In response to these stimuli, vascular endothelial cells—the cells composing the inner lining of blood vessels—become activated and recruit monocytes from the circulation.

Two transcripts of this HDAC have been found which include a 2. Type A HATs are further grouped into five families based on their catalytic domain [ 3132 ], histone acetylation.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. The organization of eukaryotic chromatin has a major impact on all nuclear processes involving DNA substrates. Gene expression is affected by the positioning of individual nucleosomes relative to regulatory sequence elements, by the folding of the nucleosomal fiber into higher-order structures and by the compartmentalization of functional domains within the nucleus. Because site-specific acetylation of nucleosomal histones influences all three aspects of chromatin organization, it is central to the switch between permissive and repressive chromatin structure. The targeting of enzymes that modulate the histone acetylation status of chromatin, in synergy with the effects mediated by other chromatin remodeling factors, is central to gene regulation. It soon became apparent that many aspects of chromatin structure could be explained by interactions between nucleosomal histones and DNA, neighboring nucleosomes and non-histone proteins.

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is tightly packed with the help of histone proteins into chromatin. Chromatin architecture can be modified by various post-translational modifications of histone proteins. For almost 60 years now, studies on histone lysine acetylation have unraveled the contribution of this acylation to an open chromatin state with increased DNA accessibility, permissive for gene expression. Additional complexity emerged from the discovery of other types of histone lysine acylations. The acyl group donors are products of cellular metabolism, and distinct histone acylations can link the metabolic state of a cell with chromatin architecture and contribute to cellular adaptation through changes in gene expression.

Histone acetylation

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Lysine acetylation is a widespread and versatile protein post-translational modification. Lysine acetyltransferases and lysine deacetylases catalyse the addition or removal, respectively, of acetyl groups at both histone and non-histone targets. Histone acetylation and non-histone protein acetylation influence a myriad of cellular and physiological processes, including transcription, phase separation, autophagy, mitosis, differentiation and neural function.

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J Cell Biol. Nature , 49—55 Decidualization of the human endometrium. Carbon source availability is reflected in histone acetylation in cancer. Histone acetylation and plant development. A role for histone acetylation in regulating transcription elongation. The role of histone acetylation in gene activation was deduced through 3 types of evidence from physicochemical and biochemical perspectives. Alternatively, a study on endometrial carcinomas EC showed that HDAC 1, 2 and 3 expression levels are increased in ECs compared to healthy endometrial tissues [ 85 ]. Pazin, M. Cambridge MA :Academic Pres. Transgenerational epigenetic influences of paternal environmental exposures on brain function and predisposition to psychiatric disorders.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Atherosclerosis, which is the most common chronic disease of the coronary artery, constitutes a vascular pathology induced by inflammation and plaque accumulation within arterial vessel walls.

Federal government websites often end in. LoPresti P. Glucose is converted to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDC , which produces acetyl-CoA from glucose-derived pyruvate; and by adenosine triphosphate-citrate lyase ACLY , which generates acetyl-CoA from glucose-derived citrate. Genes Basel. Cell Mol Life Sci. Chiu JJ, Chien S. Later, a study on endometrial adenocarcinomas showed a decrease or complete loss of epithelial HDAC 1 protein expression compared to normal endometrium [ 10 ]. Show results from All journals This journal. Genome Biol. Download as PDF Printable version. A role for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtt histone acetyltransferase in R-loop homeostasis and associated genome instability. Expanding the reader landscape of histone acylation. The presence of acetyl groups in histones was first proposed approximately 60 years ago Phillips