Irisin

Federal government websites often end in, irisin. The site is secure. The rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases owing to fat mass excess has irisin described. Irisin was described as an exercise-induced myokine, irisin.

While previous research used the parent protein FNDC5, she added, scientists this time delivered only the irisin portion through an adeno-associated viral vector approach to the liver, similar to gene replacement therapy, and discovered irisin was able to cross the blood-brain barrier and directly affect the brain. Speigelman was part of a research team that discovered irisin in and is a co-author of the current paper. Another important finding of the study is that irisin protects against neuroinflammation by acting directly on glial cells in the brain. See paper for ethics declarations and competing interests and further details on funding sources. Adapted from a Mass General news release. Skip to main content. Main Menu Utility Menu Search.

Irisin

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Sedentary life style is considered to be an independent risk factor for many disorders, including development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, immune dysfunction, asthma, and neurological or coronary heart disease. Irisin is released from myocytes during physical activity, and acts as a link between muscles and other tissues and organs. This myokine is produced as a result of proteolytic cleavage of FNDC5 protein present in the membrane of myocytes. Secretion of irisin is regulated by N -linked oligosaccharides attached to the protein molecule. The two N -glycan molecules, which constitute a significant part of the irisin glycoprotein, regulate the browning of adipocytes, which is the most important function of irisin. A receptor specific for irisin has still not been discovered. In some tissues irisin probably acts via integrins, which are widely expressed transmembrane receptors. Many studies have confirmed the multifunctional role of irisin and the beneficial effects of this molecule on body homeostasis. Irisin reduces systemic inflammation, maintains the balance between resorption and bone formation, and modulates metabolic processes and the functioning of the nervous system. It suppresses the expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in obese individuals and attenuates inflammation in adipose tissue. The impact of irisin on cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion has also been demonstrated in numerous studies, which proves its role in carcinogenesis. Owing to these pleiotropic and beneficial properties, irisin may be a potential option to prevent and treat civilization-related diseases which are, nowadays, considered to be the major health problems in Western societies.

Article Contents Abstract.

White adipose tissue WAT is an endocrine organ highly integrated in homeostasis and capable of establishing ways of communicating and influencing multiple metabolic processes. Brown adipose tissue promotes energy expenditure by incorporating the uncoupling protein 1 UCP1 , also known as thermogenin, which decouples cellular respiration and heat production, in the mitochondrial membranes. Recent data suggest the presence of a thermogenic cell formation from white adipocytes beige or brite cells with a potential role in preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome. Irisin, a thermogenic adipomyokine produced by FNDC5 cleavage is involved in the browning of adipose tissue. While animal studies are congruent with regard to the relationship between physical exertion and irisin release, the results from human studies are less than clear.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October Learn More or Try it out now. A sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical activity increases the risk of different diseases, including obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, certain types of cancers, and some neurological diseases.

Irisin

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. An Author Correction to this article was published on 07 October Here, we show that irisin, the cleaved and circulating form of the exercise-induced membrane protein FNDC5, is sufficient to confer the benefits of exercise on cognitive function.

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It would be useful to know if the cleaved irisin was a large or small fraction of the FNDC5 on the cell surface. Gene location Human. Shortly after the discovery of irisin, numerous studies proved that this myokine is released into the circulation during physical exercise and that it is a multifunctional protein that regulates the biological functioning of various cells and tissues Table 1. Komolka, K. Chr 4: Sign In or Create an Account. Roca-Rivada A. Adiponectin profile and Irisin expression in Italian obese children: association with insulin-resistance. Irisin levels are lower in young amenorrheic athletes compared with eumenorrheic athletes and non-athletes and are associated with bone density and strength estimates. In this way, irisin is proposed as a hormone capable of increasing energy expenditure, promoting weight loss, and decreasing insulin resistance produced by the diet [ 8 ].

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October

Lower irisin level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study and meta-analysis. One of the most important functions of irisin is the possible regulation of thermogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. LA, LM, and MC participated in drafting, editing, and writing the manuscript, approved the final version of the manuscript. In particular, exercise decreases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, has anti-inflammatory effects, reduces visceral adiposity, and stimulates exercise-dependent myokines activity Exercise dose in clinical practice. Irisin and Adipose Tissue One of the most important functions of irisin is the capability to induce changes in adipose tissue. The absence of obvious phenotypes under normal husbandry frustrates easy answers, but specific physiological challenges have revealed defects that need to be followed up. Further, it describes the molecular mechanisms by which irisin impacts exercise, glucose homeostasis and obesity. Association between circulating irisin levels and the promotion of insulin resistance during the weight maintenance period after a dietary weight-lowering program in obese patients. This underlines that glycosylated irisin has not been detected by western blot before and that none of the ELISA kits used in previous studies have measured irisin levels in serum or plasma of any species. Thus, validation of available methods and confirmation of major results by independent groups is a most urgent task. Dev Dyn.