Long non coding rna

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The development and application of whole genome sequencing technology has greatly broadened our horizons on the capabilities of long non-coding RNAs lncRNAs. LncRNAs are more than nucleotides in length and lack protein-coding potential. Increasing evidence indicates that lncRNAs exert an irreplaceable role in tumor initiation, progression, as well as metastasis, and are novel molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Furthermore, lncRNAs and the pathways they influence might represent promising therapeutic targets for a number of tumors. Here, we discuss the recent advances in understanding of the specific regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs. We focused on the signal, decoy, guide, and scaffold functions of lncRNAs at the epigenetic, transcription, and post-transcription levels in cancer cells.

Long non coding rna

In recent years there has been a major change in the conception of genome regulation. We now know that most of the cell's transcripts are generated from "non-conventional" genes that do not encode proteins , and a very significant part of them give rise to long non-coding RNA molecules lncRNAs. Despite not coding for proteins, lncRNAs regulate genome functions and gene expression, and their alterations are inherent to diseases. The Cima Non-Coding RNA and Cancer Genome Group focuses its efforts on understanding how lncRNAs influence the regulation, propagation, and expression of the genome of cells, and how their functions are altered in cancer. This will help develop better therapies and diagnostics for this disease. Our research combines the application of genomics, epigenomics, and molecular biology techniques with the analysis of patient samples. If you are interested in learning more about our research, please contact us. To deepen the knowledge of the functions of lncRNAs and their molecular mechanisms. Identify novel lncRNAs and their linkage to cancer. Contribute to the development of improved cancer therapies and diagnostics based on lncRNAs. Our group has found that lncRNAs have critical functions associated with tumor suppressor or oncogenic genes, such as p53 or MYC, playing a key role in tumor transformation. The blockade of ALAL-1 could drive anti-tumor therapies for these patients. Need more information? Objectives of our research.

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Molecular Cancer volume 10 , Article number: 38 Cite this article. Metrics details. Long non-coding RNAs lncRNAs are emerging as new players in the cancer paradigm demonstrating potential roles in both oncogenic and tumor suppressive pathways. These novel genes are frequently aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers, however the biological functions of the vast majority remain unknown. Recently, evidence has begun to accumulate describing the molecular mechanisms by which these RNA species function, providing insight into the functional roles they may play in tumorigenesis.

The number of non-coding RNAs within the human genome is unknown; however, recent transcriptomic and bioinformatic studies suggest that there are thousands of non-coding transcripts. Some researchers have argued that many ncRNAs are non-functional sometimes referred to as "junk RNA" , spurious transcriptions. Nucleic acids were first discovered in by Friedrich Miescher , [13] and by , RNA had been implicated in protein synthesis. The first non-coding RNA to be characterised was an alanine tRNA found in baker's yeast , its structure was published in Holley et al. Chromatography and identification of the 5' and 3' ends then helped arrange the fragments to establish the RNA sequence. Recent discoveries of ncRNAs have been achieved through both experimental and bioinformatic methods. Noncoding RNAs belong to several groups and are involved in many cellular processes. The more conserved ncRNAs are thought to be molecular fossils or relics from the last universal common ancestor and the RNA world , and their current roles remain mostly in regulation of information flow from DNA to protein.

Long non coding rna

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Recent RNA sequencing studies have revealed that most of the human genome is transcribed, but very little of the total transcriptomes has the ability to encode proteins. Recent recognition about lncRNAs highlights their effects in many biological and pathological processes. LncRNAs are dysfunctional in a variety of human diseases varying from cancerous to non-cancerous diseases. Characterization of these lncRNA genes and their modes of action may allow their use for diagnosis, monitoring of progression and targeted therapies in various diseases.

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Numerous types of lncRNAs have been classified according to their position relative to the genome. If the lncRNAs are localized in the nucleus, they are considered to play regulatory roles at the chromatin and transcription levels, while the lncRNAs are localized in the cytoplasm, are considered to play regulatory role at the post-transcriptional level. Tariq, A. PubMed Google Scholar. Numerous studies showed that lncRNAs can regulate gene transcription through cis regulation, thus regulating the transcription of adjacent mRNAs. RNA 15 , — Additionally, the high expression of lnc, which can promote the progression of ESCC, is due to the capacity of the transcription factor to bind to the promoter region Analysis of expression patterns, lncRNA—chromatin interactions and other molecular indices following CRISPR—Casmediated depletion of more than lncRNAs in culture indicated that lncRNAs regulate many genes involved in development, cell cycle and cellular adhesion, among other processes More recently, T-UCRs have been re-annotated into a more descriptive set of five categories: intergenic Zhang, P. Long, H.

They are now understood to play central roles in diverse cellular processes from proliferation and migration to differentiation, senescence and DNA damage control.

For tumors in which two active X chromosomes are observed, as has been frequently observed in breast cancer, the most common mechanism involves loss of the inactive X and duplication of the active X, often resulting in heterogeneous XIST expression in these tumors [ — ]. Elguindy, M. On the classification of long non-coding RNAs. Gloss, B. The pioneer transcription factor CBP also binds RNAs, including those transcribed from enhancers, to stimulate histone acetylation and consequently transcription Genome Res 22 9 — Long noncoding RNA involvement in cancer. For example, the lncRNA prostate cancer antigen 3, which has been studied for early diagnosis, is a prostate-specific lncRNA, which can be detected with high specificity and sensitivity Cancer 16 , 42 Transcription organizes euchromatin via microphase separation.