Reovirus

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Wild birds have great prominence in the transmission of diseases to humans, mainly due to their ease of access to human populations, raising concerns about the potential impact of that proximity on public health. We obtained fecal specimens from 47 species of wild birds for RNA extraction, ARV and PBV detection utilizing molecular methods, nucleotide sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. ARV prevalence was 0. The PBV strains were assigned to genogroup I based on phylogenetic analysis, and they shared a strong phylogenetic link with strains isolated from different geographic locations. The ARV strain was more closely related to strains that had previously circulated in the same region.

Reovirus

Mammalian orthoreovirus reovirus is a double-stranded RNA dsRNA virus which encapsidates its 10 genome segments within a double-layered viral particle. Reovirus infection triggers an antiviral response in host cells which serves to limit viral replication. This antiviral response is initiated by recognition of the incoming viral genome by host sensors present in the cytoplasm. However, how host sensors gain access to the reovirus genome is unclear, as this dsRNA is protected by the viral particle proteins throughout infection. To initiate infection, reovirus particles are endocytosed and the outer viral particle layer is disassembled through the action of host proteases. This disassembly event is required for viral escape into the cytoplasm to begin replication. We show that endosomal proteases are required even late in infection, when disassembly is complete, to induce an immune response to reovirus. Additionally, counter to dogma, our data demonstrate that at least some viral dsRNA genome is exposed and detectable during entry. We hypothesize that some proportion of reovirus particles remain trapped within endosomes, allowing for the breakdown of these particles and release of their genome. We show that rapidly uncoating mutants escape the endosome more rapidly and induce a diminished immune response. Further, we show that particles entering through dynamin-independent pathways evade detection by host sensors. Overall, our data provide new insight into how genomes from entering reovirus particles are detected by host cells. However, hosts can activate defenses to limit viral replication and protect the organism. To trigger these host defenses to viral infections, host cells must first recognize that they are infected. Mammalian orthoreovirus reovirus is a model system used to study host-virus interactions.

Although a total of MRV nucleotide sequences were available as of February 9,reovirus, sequences which reovirus not cover at least the near-complete ORF were excluded from phylogenetic analyses.

Sedoreoviridae formerly Reoviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses have a wide host range, including vertebrates , invertebrates , plants, protists and fungi. Even though viruses in the family Reoviridae have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used. Reovirus infections occur often in humans, but most cases are mild or subclinical. Rotaviruses , however, can cause severe diarrhea and intestinal distress in children, and lab studies in mice have implicated orthoreoviruses in the expression of coeliac disease in pre-disposed individuals. Despite the ease of finding reoviruses in clinical specimens, their role in human disease or treatment is still uncertain. Some viruses of this family, such as phytoreoviruses and oryzaviruses , infect plants.

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. Albert Z. Kapikian and Robert E. Rotaviruses cause enteric disease with symptoms characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and fever, or any combination. The virus affects mainly infants and young children.

Reovirus

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Most viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm of host cells form neoorganelles that serve as sites of viral genome replication and particle assembly. These highly specialized structures concentrate viral proteins and nucleic acids, prevent the activation of cell-intrinsic defenses, and coordinate the release of progeny particles. Reoviruses are common pathogens of mammals that have been linked to celiac disease and show promise for oncolytic applications. These viruses form nonenveloped, double-shelled virions that contain ten segments of double-stranded RNA. Both proteins partition the endoplasmic reticulum to form the matrix of these structures. The resultant membranous webs likely serve to anchor viral RNA—protein complexes for the replication of the reovirus genome and the assembly of progeny virions. Ongoing studies of reovirus replication organelles will advance our knowledge about the strategies used by viruses to commandeer host biosynthetic pathways and may expose new targets for therapeutic intervention against diverse families of pathogenic viruses.

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J Clin Oncol. Reovirus interactions with the Ras signaling pathway take on relevance when one considers the importance of this pathway clinically in cancer initiation and progression. Rejection of reovirus-treated L leukemia cells by mice. In Brazil, there are few studies on the occurrence of ARV and PBV in free-living wild birds, especially in natural environments close to urban centers, where the risk of zoonotic transmission of infectious agents by wild animals to the human populations is higher. Taken together, our data suggest that the MRV-2 Osaka strain has undergone multiple reassortment events during the decades of its circulation. Correspondence to Seiji P. Caister Academic Press. Prevalence and complete genome characterization of turkey picobirnaviruses. Biochim Biophys Acta. Slamon DJ, et al. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Phone: ; Fax: ; E-mail: ac.

Sedoreoviridae formerly Reoviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Member viruses have a wide host range, including vertebrates , invertebrates , plants, protists and fungi. Even though viruses in the family Reoviridae have more recently been identified with various diseases, the original name is still used.

In spite of its ubiquity, the detailed molecular characterization of circulating MRVs has not been performed. J Clin Invest. Bibcode : Sci J Med Virol. Michod et al. Slamon DJ, et al. Due to the segmented nature of MRV genomes, they are capable of undergoing gene reassortment during co-infection in one cell, resulting in the emergence of reassortants containing mixed segments from two or more different parental strains. The third strain, Osaka, was isolated in May using Vero cells from a stool specimen of a 6-year-old boy with an underlying acute lymphocytic leukemia who had diarrhea and abdominal pain. Occurrence of avian reovirus and picobirnavirus in wild birds from an environmental protection area in the Brazilian Amazon. Infections that occur in the first weeks of avian life are usually from viral etiology Luz et al. Human parechovirus infections and child myositis cases associated with genotype 3 in Osaka City, Japan, We conducted the first molecular characterization of MRV isolates from children in Japan, and found that all isolates are a novel human reovirus strain, designated MRV-2 Osaka. Observations on a newly recognized virus Abney of the reovirus family. Retrieved 17 June Baculoviridae Hytrosaviridae Nudiviridae.