Moberget

The functional domain of the human cerebellum has moberget beyond motor control to also include cognitive and affective functions, moberget.

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Moberget

The past 25 years have seen the functional domain of the cerebellum extend beyond the realm of motor control, with considerable discussion of how this subcortical structure contributes to cognitive domains including attention, memory, and language. Drawing on evidence from neuroanatomy, physiology, neuropsychology, and computational work, sophisticated models have been developed to describe cerebellar function in sensorimotor control and learning. In contrast, mechanistic accounts of how the cerebellum contributes to cognition have remained elusive. Inspired by the homogeneous cerebellar microanatomy and a desire for parsimony, many researchers have sought to extend mechanistic ideas from motor control to cognition. One influential hypothesis centers on the idea that the cerebellum implements internal models, representations of the context-specific dynamics of an agent's interactions with the environment, enabling predictive control. We briefly review cerebellar anatomy and physiology, to review the internal model hypothesis as applied in the motor domain, before turning to extensions of these ideas in the linguistic domain, focusing on speech perception and semantic processing. While recent findings are consistent with this computational generalization, they also raise challenging questions regarding the nature of cerebellar learning, and may thus inspire revisions of our views on the role of the cerebellum in sensorimotor control. Keywords: cerebellum; cognition; computational mechanisms; internal models; language; motor control. Abstract The past 25 years have seen the functional domain of the cerebellum extend beyond the realm of motor control, with considerable discussion of how this subcortical structure contributes to cognitive domains including attention, memory, and language. Gov't Research Support, N.

Pharmacology and Therapeutics Se alle. I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional moberget must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials, moberget.

Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures. Hence, the across-sample reproducibility, regional distribution, associations with cerebrocortical morphology and effect sizes of cerebellar relative to cerebral morphological differences in SZ are unknown. We addressed these questions in patients with SZ spectrum disorders and healthy controls HCs from 14 international samples, using state-of-the-art image analysis pipelines optimized for both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Effect sizes for cerebellar volumes were similar to the most consistently reported cerebral structural changes in SZ e. Within groups, we further observed positive correlations between cerebellar volume and cerebral cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions i. This cerebellocerebral structural covariance was strongest in SZ, suggesting common underlying disease processes jointly affecting the cerebellum and the cerebrum. Finally, cerebellar volume reduction in SZ was highly consistent across the included age span years and present already in the youngest patients, a finding that is more consistent with neurodevelopmental than neurodegenerative etiology.

Thank you for visiting nature. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Although cerebellar involvement across a wide range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric phenotypes is increasingly being recognized, previous large-scale studies in schizophrenia SZ have primarily focused on supratentorial structures.

Moberget

Importance: Between-individual variability in brain structure is determined by gene-environment interactions, possibly reflecting differential sensitivity to environmental and genetic perturbations. Magnetic resonance imaging MRI studies have revealed thinner cortices and smaller subcortical volumes in patients with schizophrenia. However, group-level comparisons may mask considerable within-group heterogeneity, which has largely remained unnoticed in the literature. Objectives: To compare brain structural variability between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls and to test whether respective variability reflects the polygenic risk score PRS for schizophrenia in an independent sample of healthy controls. Design, setting, and participants: This case-control and polygenic risk analysis compared MRI-derived cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia across 16 cohorts and tested for associations between PRS and MRI features in a control cohort from the UK Biobank.

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Your Personal Message. Obstetrics and Gynecology Within groups, we further observed positive correlations between cerebellar volume and cerebral cortical thickness in frontotemporal regions i. JAMA psychiatry 77 4 , , Torgeir Moberget. Subject Areas. Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about medRxiv. Se alle. Nye artikler av denne forfatteren. Gov't Research Support, U. Intensive Care and Critical Care Medicine NeuroImage: Clinical 15, , Forensic Medicine Your Personal Message.

Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders SCZspect and bipolar disorders BD show impaired function in the primary visual cortex V1 , indicated by altered visual evoked potential VEP.

Your Personal Message. Data Availability All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22 6 , , Min profil Mitt bibliotek Metrics Varsler. Allergy and Immunology Share This Article: Copy. Transplantation We briefly review cerebellar anatomy and physiology, to review the internal model hypothesis as applied in the motor domain, before turning to extensions of these ideas in the linguistic domain, focusing on speech perception and semantic processing. For our main analyses, T1-weighted MR images, demographic and genetic data from 39, UK Biobank participants were accessed using access number Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy Medical Ethics