Molar pregnancy radiology

Federal government websites often end in. The malezor is secure. Ectopic molar pregnancy is extremely rare, and preoperative diagnosis is difficult. Our literature search found only one report of molar pregnancy diagnosed preoperatively.

Federal government websites often end in. The site is secure. Ultrasound of a molar pregnancy with long axis view and short axis view. Click here to view. A 32 year-old female presented to the emergency department ED with complaints of mild vaginal spotting accompanied by uterine cramping. Physical examination demonstrated a well appearing female with normal vital signs. Speculum exam showed a normal appearing cervix, without active bleeding or cervical discharge.

Molar pregnancy radiology

At the time the article was last revised Wedyan Yousef Alrasheed had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. Molar pregnancies , also called hydatidiform moles , are one of the most common forms of gestational trophoblastic disease. Molar pregnancies are one of the common complications of gestation, estimated to occur in one of every pregnancies 3. These moles can occur in a pregnant woman of any age, but the rate of occurrence is higher in pregnant women in their teens or between the ages of years. There is a relatively increased prevalence in Asia for example compared with Europe. A hydatidiform mole can either be complete or partial. The absence or presence of a fetus or embryo is used to distinguish the complete from partial moles:. Rarely, moles co-exist with a normal pregnancy co-existent molar pregnancy , in which a normal fetus and placenta are seen separate from the molar gestation. Ninety percent of complete hydatidiform moles have a 46XX diploid chromosomal pattern. With partial moles, the karyotype is usually triploid 69XXY , the result of fertilization of a normal egg by two sperm, one bearing a 23X chromosomal pattern and the other a 23Y chromosomal pattern.

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At the time the article was last revised Ammar Ashraf had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose. A complete hydatidiform mole CHM is a type of molar pregnancy and falls at the benign end of the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic disease. Complete moles are characterized by the absence of a fetus or fetal parts i. There is a non-invasive, diffuse swelling of chorionic villi. Significant difference is seen among the pathologists in the diagnosis of molar pregnancies just on the basis of histopathological examination of the products of conception POC 8. The p57KIP2 gene is paternally imprinted and expressed from the maternal allele 8,9. Polymer-based immunohistochemistry IHC with p57, shows absent staining in the complete mole CM and positive staining in the hydropic abortus HA and partial mole PM 8,9.

Molar pregnancy, part of the Gestational Trophoblastic Disease spectrum, presents as grape-like placental tissue, markedly elevated hCG levels, the absence of a viable foetus, and a characteristic snowstorm appearance on US due to the presence of numerous small vesicles within the uterus. A molar pregnancy, also known as a hydatidiform mole, is an abnormal form of pregnancy where a fertilised egg fails to develop into a viable foetus and instead grows into a mass of abnormal tissue in the uterus. This condition is part of the spectrum of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease GTD , characterised by abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblasts. Molar pregnancies occur due to anomalous fertilisation events. In a complete mole, an enucleated empty egg gets fertilised by a sperm, which then duplicates its chromosomes, leading to a diploid set, all paternal in origin 46, XX karyotype. Partial moles arise from an egg fertilised by two sperms, resulting in a triploid set of chromosomes, two-thirds of which are paternal 69, XXX or 69, XXY karyotypes. Molar pregnancies are not typically graded or staged but are classified as either complete or partial. Diagnosis is established on the basis of characteristic clinical, sonographic, and biochemical findings. Definitive diagnosis requires histopathological examination following uterine evacuation. Evacuation of the mole with suction curettage is typically performed.

Molar pregnancy radiology

Federal government websites often end in. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. NCBI Bookshelf. A hydatiform mole also known as a molar pregnancy is a gestational trophoblastic disease GTD , which originates from the placenta and can metastasize. It is unique in that the tumor originates from gestational tissue rather than from maternal tissue. Hydatiform moles HM are categorized as complete and partial and are usually considered the noninvasive form of gestational trophoblastic disease.

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Ruptured tubal hydatidiform mole. Jock et al. Case 2: bunch of grapes sign Case 2: bunch of grapes sign. Gestational trophoblastic tumors of the uterus: MR imaging—pathologic correlation. Mohamed A. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. Become a Gold Supporter and see no third-party ads. Polymer-based immunohistochemistry IHC with p57, shows absent staining in the complete mole CM and positive staining in the hydropic abortus HA and partial mole PM 8,9. Samaila M. Conflicts of Interest: By the West JEM article submission agreement, all authors are required to disclose all affiliations, funding sources and financial or management relationships that could be perceived as potential sources of bias. Hydatidiform moles Hydatidiform molar pregnancies Molar pregnancies Hydatidiform mole Hydatidiform molar pregnancy. Case 1 Case 1.

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Recent Edits. On vaginal examination, the uterus was asymmetrically enlarged. Ultrasound evaluation of the adnexa can also reveal theca lutein cysts, due to ovarian stimulation by abnormally elevated beta-hCG levels. However, molar pregnancy with normal beta-hCG levels can exist. Our literature search found only one report of molar pregnancy diagnosed preoperatively. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Adnexal sonographic findings in ectopic pregnancy and their correlation with tubal rupture and human chorionic gonadotropin levels. Pan African Medical Journal. The mass included vesicles with low signal intensities on T1-WI and high signal intensities on T2-WI, suggesting hydropic villi. Fallopian tube invasive molar disease. Berlingieri P. Case 5: partial hydatidiform mole Case 5: partial hydatidiform mole. Pour-Reza M. By System:. Rarely, moles co-exist with a normal pregnancy co-existent molar pregnancy , in which a normal fetus and placenta are seen separate from the molar gestation.